A concrete retaining wall is a structure that retains earth. It is mostly used where there is a vertical, or nearly vertical change in level. They may be made of timber, steel, concrete, steel, brick or stone.
The most important consideration in proper design and installation of retaining walls is that the retained material is attempting to move forward and downslope due to gravity. This creates a lateral earth pressure behind the wall which depends on the angle of internal friction and the cohesive strength of the retained material, as well as the direction and magnitude of movement the retaining structure undergoes. Lateral earth pressures are typically smallest at the top of the wall and increase toward the bottom. Earth pressures will push the wall forward or overturn it if not properly addressed. Also, any groundwater behind the wall that is not dissipated by a drainage system causes an additional horizontal hydraulic pressure on the wall.
Segmental concrete retaining walls have gained favor over poured-in-place concrete walls or treated-timber walls. They are more economical, easier to install and more environmentally sound. There are two methods for fixing the retaining wall in place; embedding them into a concrete floor, or alternatively, using a ground fixing kit. The advantage of the latter solution is that the concrete retaining wall can be moved at a later date.
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